Situação atual do tratamento de lixiviados de aterros sanitários do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com ênfase nos Aterros de Seropédica e Sapucaia

Abstract

Considering the impacts caused by improper disposal of leachate, such as pollution of soils, groundwater and surface water and risk to public health, it is essential to develop techniques to reduce the concentration of contaminants, as well as to meet the standards established by current legislation. In this context, the present study carried out an evaluation of the 22 (twenty-two) leachate treatment systems used in landfills in the State of Rio de Janeiro based on secondary data and among the techniques used for treatment, the most used today is reverse osmosis, which has shown good efficiency in the retention of organics and heavy metals. It was found that 77 municipalities are served by landfills, 08 are being served by landfills from other states, such as Minas Gerais and 09 municipalities still have dumps in operation in the State of Rio de Janeiro. This descriptive and analytical study used data from INEA's environmental licensing processes and a more detailed description of the Seropédica and Sapucaia landfills. The use of combined treatment in municipal treatment plants was observed, highlighting the particularities of the 2 landfills of Seropédica and Sapucaia, including analysis of the recent state legislation Law 9055/2020 and the costs involved in the operation and treatment in a domestic sewage treatment plant. In view of this, there is progress, but there are still enormous challenges in this area, both for operators and for the environmental agency, with regard to the control and supervision of these activities, in view of the difficulties in implementing leachate treatment systems, such as compliance with legal requirements, quality assurance of the process, financial and human resources for investment in technological routes that consolidate the pillars of sustainability compatible with the possibilities available in each reality.