Bullying, ideação suicida, habilidades sociais e clima escolar: fatores de risco e de proteção à saúde mental de adolescentes

Abstract

O texto do resumo deve ter a tabulação de parágrafo, na primeira linha, espaçamento simples e não pode conter menos que 150 ou mais que 500 palavras. Não deverá ultrapassar 1 (uma) folha. O resumo deve conter apenas um parágrafo. Espaçamente simples com fonte tamanho 12. Interpersonal relationships can be characterized in the school context by conflicts, coexistence difficulties and also behaviors permeated by violence, such as, for example, bullying. Based on the Bioecological Theory of Human Development, the general objective of the study is to investigate the impact of social skills, school climate and victimization in bullying and cyberbullying on suicidal ideation among students in the final years of Elementary School, considering gender differences. The specific objectives are: (1) To characterize social skills, school climate, victimization by bullying and cyberbullying and suicidal ideation of students, considering differences in relation to sex; (2) To investigate associations between social skills, school climate, victimization by bullying and cyberbullying, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Participants were 659 students, aged between 10 and 18 years (M= 12.37 years; SD=1.509) of both sexes who attend the Final Years of Elementary Education (6th to 9th grade) from eight public schools located in a city located in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Adolescents responded to the following instruments, with evidence of validity for Brazilian samples: (1) Delaware School Climate - Student Version; (2) Adolescent Social Skills Inventory – Short version; (3) Global School-based Student Health Survey (19-20); (4) Questionnaire with Demographic Information. The results of the comparative analyzes indicated that female adolescents had lower levels of social skills of self-control, affective approach and total social skills than male adolescents. Female adolescents perceived less Overall School Climate, Teacher-student Relations, Student Relations, Overall School Engagement, Clarity of Expectations and Fairness of Rules than male adolescents. Regarding victimization variables in bullying and cyberbullying, no significant differences were reported between genders. The results of the correlation analyzes indicated that there was a negative association (weak magnitude) between the social skills of assertiveness, self-control and total and suicidal ideation. The total and dimensions of school climate are negatively associated (weak magnitude) with suicidal ideation. In addition, total bullying and cyberbullying victimization and all of its verbal, physical, socio-relational, and cyberbullying factors are positively associated (low to moderate) with suicidal ideation. The logistic regression results indicated that 21.15% (n=123) of the adolescents reported having suicidal thoughts at least once in the 12 months prior to data collection. The results showed that each one point of increase in social skills of self-control and school climate decreases by 6% and 2% the chances of presenting suicidal ideation, respectively. The findings also indicated that a point increase in verbal bullying and cyberbullying increases the chances of experiencing suicidal ideation by 5% and 9%. In addition, males reported 44% less chances of having suicidal ideation when compared to females. With the research data it will be possible to propose interventions with the students, their families and with the school community, mainly with a focus on promoting the mental health of the adolescent public.