Avaliação de risco de acidentes em barragens de contenção de água: uma contribuição para a gestão de segurança de barragens no Brasil

Abstract

Safety dam is one of the aspects of water security in Brazil and concerns the management of risks and disasters related to water. The National Safety Dam Policy established by the Law 12.334/2010, and updated by the Law 14.066/2020, defines safety dam as "a condition that aims to maintain its structural and operational integrity, as well as to preserve life, health, property and environment". It involves two fundamental aspects: dam integrity and emergency management. Dams in Brazil are supervised by public bodies, which have a lack of infrastructure and technical staff. Dams have their risks classified by these bodies based on national criteria, however, more than half of them lack information and therefore their risk categories and their associated potential damage are not known. Only dams for hydroelectric use are 100% classified. In this context, Brazil registered a significant increase in the number of accidents with dams in the last four years. Then, this dissertation intends to evaluate the safety management related to the risks of rupture of water containment dams in Brazil, aiming to contribute with suggestions for its improvement. It was supported by a bibliographic review with national and foreign sources, and, in particular on the investigation techniques of dam accidents required in Brazil, an interview was carried out with the PhD Cristiane Battiston, General Coordinator of Integrated Management at the National Secretariat for Water Security of the Ministry of Regional Development. Finally, this dissertation suggests incorporating the Bow Tie technique as a tool for the day-to-day management of safety dam, both by inspection bodies and by the entrepreneurs themselves, due to its methodological characteristics, that enable clear and organized communication of hazards and their protections, easily understood by technicians and managers.