Mulheres no Recôncavo da Guanabara: professoras e escolas femininas em Estrella, Iguassú e Magé (1862-1872)

Abstract

The women of Recôncavo da Guanabara exercised some craft for their subsistence, and teaching was one of them. The present study aims to analyze the schooling process and female teaching in the municipalities of Estrella, Iguassú and Magé between 1862 and 1872. For this purpose, we use the Laemmert Almanak, the reports of the presidents of the Province of Rio de Janeiro, the periodical press of the time, laws. To build the analyzes we used a methodological theoretical framework that discusses regional and local history, the history of Baixada Fluminense, micro history and the concept of experience. Female public schools were created in the 1840s to serve girls living in the Recôncavo da Guanabara. Female education was directly linked to preparing girls for domestic life. Over the years, schools werecreated to meet the demand in the region. With the increase in the number of schools,competitions were held for female teachers to supply the schools. The methodology of Fio do Nome helps us to know the teaching trajectories, their religious issues, their family relationships and with the other teachers. We highlight the experience of five families that worked in the instruction of Magé, Estrella and Iguassú.Teaching experiences allow us to analyze the possibilities of being a woman and her space in nineteenth-century Society Wherethey were to instruct the girls in the art of reading and writing.