Efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico de Euterpe oleracea mart (açaí) sobre as alterações cardiovasculares e metabólicas em prole adulta de mães submetidas à dieta rica em ácido graxo trans durante a lactação

Abstract

The high consumption of Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) has been associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity and cardiovascular disease. During lactation, the AGT consumed are passed to offspring via breast milk and cause permanent changes in development. Studies on the Euterpe oleracea Mart (Acai), a typical plant of Brazil, rich in polyphenols, show its antioxidant effect, anti-hypertensive and vasodilator. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of Açai Stone Extract (ASE - 200mg/kg/day) on cardiovascular and metabolic alterations on the adult offspring of mothers who received AGT lactation. Pregnancy females were divided into 4 groups: Control, Control + ASE (ASE + standard diet), trans, trans and mothers fed a standard diet adult offspring, and Trans + ASE, whose mothers were fed a diet rich in trans during lactation and ASE. We assessed body mass, blood pressure, vascular reactivity, oxidative stress, lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin sensitivity (HOMA). There was no difference in body mass both at 21 and at 90 days of age and the amount of body fat. The consumption of TFA did not lead to endothelial dysfunction, as assessed by response to acetylcholine. However, there was an increase in diastolic blood pressure of animals Trans.In the groups treated with ASE we find lower values of systolic pressure in the control group and diastolic blood pressure for the group Trans. Trans group animals showed increased plasma levels in protein carbonylation indicating oxidative damage.As the antioxidant enzymes, only the catalase activity is decreased in Trans group in the kidney and plasma, but ASE treatment increased these levels. The ASE also positively modulated glutathione peroxidase levels. Trans group presented insulin resistance at 90 days of life, however, the ASE-treated group showed a better response to insulin, since the glucose tolerance test. Since ASE treatment not show difference in adipose and cardiac protein expression of insulin signaling cascate, it is possible that the reduction of oxidative damage is contributing to the improvement in insulin sensitivity. Trans group showed hypertriglyceridemia, which was reduced by ASE treatment. The total cholesterol, was higher in trans group, but there was no difference with ASE treatment. The study showed that TFA consumption during lactation induced in adult offspring insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure and plasma oxidative damage. In addition, the concomitant use of ASE, prevented insulin resistance and increased triglyceridemia showing a protective effect of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.