Estudo da Quimiodiversidade de Óleos Essenciais em Espécies de Piper L. (Piperaceae) da Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brasil

Abstract

This study aimed to study for the first time the chemodiversity pattern from the chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves, in dry and rainy seasons, of ten species and two varieties of Piper (Piper amalago L.; Piper amplum Kunth; Piper anisum (Spreng.) Angely; Piper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum; Piper arboreum var. hirtelum Yunck.; Piper diospyrifolium Kunth; Piper divaricatum G. Mey.; Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth; Piper lepturum (Kunth) C. DC. var. lepturum; Piper lepturum var. angustifolium (C.DC.) Yunck.; Piper mollicomum Kunth and Piper vicosanum Yunck.) collected in Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh leaves in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. The analyzes were performed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry and by GC coupled with a flame ionization detector (FID). Multivariate analyzes were performed to determine clusters according to the substances present in the essential oils and their relative percentage contents. It was possible to record the identification and quantification of 129 constituents; we obtained essential oil content ranging from 0.03 to 0.56% (w/v); it was possible to apply principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis, correlating chemistry with taxonomy. The main substances identified in the essential oils were Linalool, Guaiol, 1-butyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, iso- Leptospermone, α-Eudesmol, E-Nerolidol, Germacrene D, β-Elemene, 7-epi-α-Selinene, 1 ,8-Cineol, α-Eudesmol, α-Copaene, E-γ-Bisabolene, Bicyclogermacrene and β- Bisabolol. This is the first record of comparing the chemical composition of Piper arboreum Aubl. var. arboreum and Piper arboreum var. hirtelum Yunck; we identified for the first time the main constituent in Piper gaudichaudianum, Piper amalago, Piper divaricatum and Piper viscosanum; arylpropanoids in the leaves of Piper mollicomum is also unpublished and we recorded