Treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT em esteira) tem efeitos benéficos em camundongos alimentados com dieta rica em frutose

Abstract

High-fructose caloric sweeteners induce adverse changes in the metabolism of humans. The study evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on a fructose rich diet model, focusing on liver, epididymal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (eWAT and sWAT), skeletal muscle and their interactions. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for 18 weeks one of the following diets: control (C;) or fructose (F). In the 10th week, for an additional 8 weeks, the groups were divided into untrained groups (NT) or HIIT, totalling four groups: C-NT, C-HIIT, F-NT and F-HIIT. At the end of the experiment, the consumption of fructose in the F-NT group led to high systolic blood pressure (SBP), elevated plasma triglycerides, insulin resistance with glucose intolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity. We also observed hepatic steatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy and decreased genetic expressions of PGC1α and FNDC5/Irisin) in the F-NT group. These results were accompanied by a decrease in NRF1 and TFAM (mitochondrial biogenesis) and PPARα and CPT1 (β-oxidation). HIIT improved these data in the C-HIIT and F-HIIT groups. The F-NT group showed a reduction in caloric expenditure associated with decreased genes expression involved in sWAT browning. The HIIT groups compared to NT groups showed a decrease in BM gain, decrease in sWAT mass, associated with an increase in energy expenditure. In HIIT groups compared to NT groups, expression of browning markers was high along with genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation. In conclusion, mice fed a high fructose diet, HIIT improved BM, SBP, glucose metabolism and plasma triglycerides. HIIT stimulated browning of sWAT, in association with beneficial changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation. The target organs were positively modulated by HIIT, indicating it as an adjuvant treatment for diseases that affect these tissues.