Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde como cenários de implementação da educação interprofissional

Abstract

The complex health demands of contemporary society require the construction of a professional profile and a more integrated health workforce. Interprofessional Education (IPE) for patient-centered collaborative practice has been globally recognized as a strategy capable of fostering changes in training and improving health outcomes. Guided by the teaching-service-community integration and training for teamwork, seeking to overcome the trend of isolated and fragmented professional performance, the Multiprofessional Residency in Health (RMS) constitutes a modality of in-service education that favors the development of interprofessionals collaborative skills. This thesis aimed to analyze the educational context of RMS programs from the perspective of EIP and collaborative practices in health. For this, a multi-method, exploratory and descriptive study of multiple cases was carried out between March and November 2020, with 86 actors from three RMS programs in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through bibliographic research on the theme of EIP in the RMS; documentary analysis of the political-pedagogical projects (PPP) of the programs; online survey and application of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Related to Interprofessional Collaboration (EJARCI) to residents and tutors; and semi-structured online interviews with course coordinators. The analysis and combination of data were guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of the EIP. The publications found in the bibliographic research are mostly experience reports that evaluated the impacts of adopting EIP strategies, studies on the perception of residents about interprofessional performance, and PPP analyses. From the documental analysis, it was verified that the PPP of the three RMS programs are close to the EIP precepts, but they do not present a standardized structure oriented to the development of interprofessional competences. The EJARCI analysis showed a favorable attitude towards the interprofessional collaboration of all actors, with no statistical differences between the studied variables. The survey and interviews indicated that the RMS are configured as powerful educational scenarios for the acquisition of collaborative skills, as they promote communication and knowledge exchange between different professionals from integrative activities and contextual teaching methodologies that aim care integrality. The barriers that limit the success of EIP in the RMS could be mitigated through the qualification of teachers and tutors, reorganization of the workload of residents, deepening the use of interactive methodologies, greater interaction with medical residency, and diversification of scenarios and activities that promote interprofessional integration.