Entre esquerdas e direitas: o debate parlamentar brasileiro sobre segurança pública e justiça criminal (2003-2021)

Abstract

The main objective of this thesis is to identify how political ideologies influence the organization of the legislative debate on public security and criminal justice. For this, two parliamentary activities in the Federal Chamber, with an important involvement in the expansion of the political capital of the deputies, were investigated: the speeches and the propositions of law in the subject, between 2003 until the first months of 2021, contemplating five federal legislative periods. The research investigated whether ideological concentrations occur in political behavior and how this debate has evolved over time. The topic modeling methodology made it possible to process thousands of pronouncements and legislative proposals with the aim of estimating the main security themes and verifying their organization among legislatures. The results obtained reveal that different discursive articulations were formed in the analyzed years, indicating ideological emphases on the agendas in the theme. They also show that ideological segmentations, in a two-dimensional analysis, influence deputies' thematic preferences. The right has consistently expanded its role on the agenda, above the proportion of its seats in the Chamber, while the left has been changing its emphasis on the issue of public safety and criminal justice. The results also indicate that, from the 55th Legislature onwards, guidelines related to ideologies understood as “fine”, such as feminism and ecology, gained space. In the final part of the thesis, different ideological concentrations in the data were identified, shedding light on how the parties act in the selected frame. Finally, in the cleavages of a “plural right”, right-wing confessional parties have been exhibiting strong programmatic convergence with right-wing secular parties, despite having greater representation in the agendas of domestic and sexual violence, children's and adolescents' rights and political, administrative and electoral crimes.