O objeto a lacaniano e a diferença sexual em psicanálise

Abstract

Human sexuality is an enigmatic theme that, throughout the history of humanity, has received several explanations from the discourses of religions, sciences, mythologies etc. At each time, in its own way, civilization presents new symptoms and discourses that try to explain what remains a mystery, an enigma: sex. Today it is not different: we observe how present debates around sex and gender are, sometimes with the discourse of science and capitalism, sometimes with the discourse of gender theories, brought by the fight for civil rights and equality between the sexes and LGBTQIA+ identity groups, sometimes also with the discourse of religion articulated to totalitarian politics with retrograde agendas. It was through the enigma of sex that Freud, in the midst of the medical context of his time, was able to listen to the subject in his uniqueness and desire. In the analyst's discourse, it is the object a as emptiness and cause of desire that enables each subject to invent in their radical difference the know-how to do with the real of sex. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the sexual difference for psychoanalysis in articulation with the Lacanian concept of object a. To achieve that, we did a bibliographic review on the historical context of sexualities that do not fit the heterosexual norm and what psychoanalysis has to say about gender issues that are not reduced only to imaginary and symbolic identifications, but to the field of reality and jouissance. Moreover, it is also essential that psychoanalysis, based on its ethics as theory and praxis, consider the various instruments of resistance in the social bond in the face of the necropolitical violence suffered by the said sexual minorities. We conclude that the concept of object a helps us understand not only the necropolitical violence suffered by the so-called "sexual minorities" (gays, trans, bi etc.), but also to guide psychoanalysis in the path of the ethics of desire, the desire to extract the absolute difference of each speaking being.