Avaliação quantitativa do conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre o processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos nas unidades de terapia intensiva

Abstract

The donation-transplantation process is a medical procedure composed of a series of precisely ordered steps, which transforms the organs of a deceased person into organs that can be transplanted. The goal was to evaluate the knowledge of intensive care health professionals at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão (HUUFMA) about the process of organ and tissue donation for transplantation. A cross-sectional study was used as a methodology, the quantitative approach conducted at HUUFMA, from January 2020 to October 2022, approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of HUUFMA under opinion N°. 3,702,314. The sample consisted of 137 health professionals who were members of the adult Intensive Care Units (ICUs); for data collection, using a validated instrument, containing questions about professional and institutional personal identification, as well as questions about knowledge, attitude and practice about the organ donation process (CAP); in the analysis of the instrument a score equal to or greater than 70% was considered satisfactory, since there is no consensus in the literature on the scores of this type of questionnaire. The categorical variables were described by frequencies and percentage and quantitative variables by mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were also performed for comparisons between continuous variables. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2.4. The level of significance established was 5% (p≤0.05). It was found that the participants of this study were mostly female (64.2%); age ranged from 31 to 41 years (64.2%); regarding education, the largest number of participants were nursing professionals (54.8%); related to the time since graduation, most were between 10 and 14 years old (39.4%), and between 5 and 9 years of professional experience (32.8%); the ICU was the main sector of activity of 65% of the professionals; 96.4% reported not having specialization course in the area of organ procurement and donation; regarding the management of the donation process, 74.5% answered that they did not feel prepared to conduct the procedure; the lack of specific knowledge was pointed out as one of the obstacles that hinders the conduct of the organ donation process 9.5%; in the comparative analysis of the scores obtained, the highest average of correct answers was in the aspect of attitude, while the lowest average of correct answers was in the aspect of knowledge. It was concluded that professionals participating in this study presented some attitude, however, with limitation with regard to knowledge about the conduct of the organ and tissue donation process, demonstrating that it is necessary to invest in qualification, with a view to increasing the number of donations in the state of Maranhão