Gestão de resíduos sólidos e educação ambiental no município de Mangaratiba – RJ

Abstract

Mangaratiba is a municipality located in the Southeast region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, an area known as Costa Verde and much appreciated by tourists for its intense natural beauty. Despite the environmental riches, the solid waste generated in the municipality of Mangaratiba was irregularly deposited in an area that served as a dump for 21 years. In 2018, with the interdiction of this area by INEA, the municipality had to take the necessary measures to avoid a crisis related to the destination of its Solid Urban Waste (USW). Against this background, the project "Solid Waste Management and Environmental Education in the Municipality of Mangaratiba - RJ" was created, elaborated, coordinated and executed by the Municipal Environment Department, which aimed to provide an environmentally correct destination to the USW generated in the Municipality. To this end, administrative actions were carried out to resolve the socio-environmental liabilities of the area of the former Municipal Dump, to forward 100% of the collected Domestic Solid Waste (DSW) to a sanitary landfill, to implement the Selective Solidarity Collection, to support the creation and contracting of the cooperative of waste pickers by the Mangaratiba city hall, to raise awareness of the population through an Environmental Education approach linked to the Solid Waste and Selective Solidarity Collection themes, and finally to carry out the procedures to obtain state financial resources related to the Ecological ICMS. In two years of activity, these actions were fulfilled, resulting in (1) the cleaning and forwarding of the process for remediation of the old dump; (2) the environmentally correct disposal of the DSW collected in the municipality to the Seropédica landfill; (3) the creation of CoopMangaratiba, which generated employment and income in the municipality; (4) the implementation of solidary selective collection through the installation of 57 Voluntary Delivery Points (VDPs) in different locations in the municipality; (5) many Environmental Education activities, in special, in the municipal education network and with the population in general; and finally (6) the collection of a total of 143,1 t of Recyclable Solid Waste (RSW). Due to the better management of USW, more specifically related to the correct destination of DSW, the presence of the Solidary Selective Collection and the recycling of part of the USW generated, Mangaratiba can start to collect the state financial resource coming from the Ecological ICMS in the amount of R$ 697.834,85 and went on to occupy the 11th position in the overall ranking of the ICMS Ecológico. However, for greater efficiency and quality of the project, greater financial and human resources investments by the public administration are necessary to implement door to-door selective collection, aiming to increase the amount of recyclables collected, and implement the collection of vegetable oil. These actions will enable the municipality to obtain greater financial resources from the Ecological ICMS.