O efeito do HIIT na síndrome metabólica: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of pathological conditions that are associated with a state of metabolic, proinflammatory and atherogenic disorder. The risk factors that are part of MS are hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Due to these changes, the chance of developing cardiovascular diseases increases and consequently the risk of premature mortality. Physical exercise can generate positive impacts on the components of MS and a type of physical exercise that has received attention in recent years is HIIT (high intensity interval training), however we can observe that this type of training can be prescribed in different ways and its Effects on SM components are still inconclusive. The objective of this study is to verify the effect of HIIT on the components of MS and which HIIT protocols are most used in individuals with MS. A search was carried out in the MEDLINE, Scielo, LILACS, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane and Web of Science databases. The terms “high intensity interval training” and “metabolic syndrome” and their respective synonyms were used as descriptors. After the search, eleven studies met the inclusion criteria to analyze which HIIT protocols are most used in the literature and ten studies met the inclusion criteria. inclusion to verify the effect of HIIT on MS, the Jadad scale and the Cochrane tool were used to assess methodological quality and risk of bias, respectively, and to assess the level of evidence of the meta-analysis, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development tool was used. and Evaluation Approach (GRADE). Reductions were observed in Waist Circumference (Wc) of -3.87 cm (95% CI: -5.60 to -2.13), in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (-5.38 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.55 to -2.20), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (-4.46 mmHg; 95% CI: -6.83 to -2.09) and Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (-3.49 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.47 to -1.51), blood glucose (-4.16 mg/dL; 95% CI: -8.12 to -0.20) and triglyceride concentrations (-12 .62 mg/dL; 95% CI: -23.57 to 1.68). No increases in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were observed (1.41 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.52 to 3.33). The HIIT protocol most used in individuals with MS was high-volume HIIT, which consists of 4 x 4 minutes at 90% of HRMax separated by a 3-minute interval at 70% of HRMax. HIIT showed benefits on Cc, SBP, DBP, MAP, blood glucose and triglycerides in people with MS and can be recommended and used in clinical practice, helping in the treatment of people with MS. Furthermore, the HIIT protocol considered high volume with 4 x 4 minutes at 90% of HRMax separated by a 3-minute interval at 70% of HRMax was the most frequent and appears to be safe as no adverse events were reported with its use