Análise do uso e cobertura da terra através de IVDN e de classificação supervisionada – Estudo de caso da implantação de sistema portuário privado em Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí - RJ

Abstract

Port systems constitute an important economic activity, making a huge contribution to trade flows on a national and global scale. However, the implementation of these projects influences the transformation of the local reality and the environmental dynamics, in the planning, installation and operation of these complexes. Socio-environmental impacts, both positive and negative, are associated with this activity. From this perspective, analyzes of land use and land cover, through the use of geotechnologies such as Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing, are essential in identifying impacts on the ports' areas of influence. This work sought to analyze the changes resulting from the installation of Porto Sudeste do Brasil S.A. in the neighborhood of Ilha da Madeira (Itaguaí - RJ), regarding the environmental impacts on land use and land cover, focusing on the remaining vegetation of dense rainforest and mangroves, in a temporal analysis (from 2008 to 2022), through application of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and supervised classification, performed in the free software QGIS. The methodology of this research consisted of the acquisition of satellite images and cartographic bases, pre-processing, processing and post-processing of Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for the years 2008, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2020 and 2022. Through post-processing of the images, descriptive statistics of the NDVIs were obtained, analysis of accuracy of classifications and comparison of changes in the study area in the analyzed period. The verification of accuracy conducted showed that the classification results were satisfactory. Furthermore, NDVI, land use and land cover and changes in land use and land cover maps were obtained as final products. The results achieved, in both NDVI and supervised classification products, showed greater change in the landscape in 2013, the period of implementation of the port system. The analysis of the changes, between 2008 and 2022, indicated that deforestation in the region outweighs reforestation, corresponding to 6.64% of the area of the Ilha da Madeira neighborhood. The regeneration of isolated areas of forest vegetation was also observed, starting in 2015. Therefore, the research demonstrated the effectiveness of the chosen methods in identifying vegetative vigor and changes in land use and land cover patterns in the planning, implementation and operation stages of the port project. In addition, through the cartographic products, tables and analyzes generated, it is understood that the study will be able to subsidize future research as well as contribute to environmental monitoring and decision-making in the region.