Heidegger e o problema do conhecimento - Kant, metafísica, finitude (A Hermenêutica da Caverna)

Abstract

This work aims to present Heidegger’s thought about knowledge, starting with his interpretation of Kant and the philosophical tradition from which the latter received his legacy. The Judeo-Christian origin of our tradition was thought here through the reading of the first biblical book - Genesis -, where the decision for knowledge implied the expulsion of the man from the paradise. From that point on, the Heideggerian interpretation of the philosophical tradition has Kant as its leitmotiv. It was then sought to present the Heideggerian deconstruction of Kant's critical philosophy, where the problem of the possibility of knowledge is central in the name of a fundamental ontology. Here the human being is not thought as a subject of knowledge but as a being there; that is, as an entity given to the facticity of existence in the face of its finitude. The result of all of this is the hermeneutics of facticity, which no longer conceives an analysis of the prior structures of a pure reason, but seeks to interpret the irremediable conditions of human existence while it is pre-theoretical and therefore does not have knowledge as the condition of its essence, but already is always the possible product of an existence which, among other things, can be known.