Vivências de mulheres negras em situação de rua: subsídios para atuação da enfermagem

Abstract

This research was interested in the experiences of black women living on the streets. Its objectives were: To describe the main motivations of black women for experiencing homelessness. Analyze the homeless experience of black women in the context of their health. Methodology: This is field research, descriptive and exploratory in nature, with a qualitative approach. The Narrative of Life method from the ethnosociological perspective of Daniel Bertaux (2010) was used to collect data. In data analysis, thematic analysis by Minayo (2014) was used. The study participants were self-declared black women, of legal age, who lived on the streets, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, located adjacent to the family clinics, which are the offices on the street in programmatic areas 1.0 and 3.2. offer care. As an inclusion criterion, black women, of legal age, who had experienced homelessness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. And, homeless black women who presented space-time disorientation were excluded. For data collection, the guiding question of the interview was used: Talk about your life in relation to being homeless before and during the COVID 19 pandemic. Using filter questions: Why did you live on the street? What was it like living on the street during the COVID 19 pandemic? 21 homeless black women were interviewed. Data saturation was the criterion for considering the number of participants. It was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee (COEP/UERJ) and SMS/RJ under the Certificates of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation (CAAE): 61184822.9.0000.5282 and 61184822.9.3002.5279, respectively. The Free and Informed Consent Form (TCLE) was offered to them. Results: Category 1: Motives and perceptions of black women about their experience on the streets, consisting of the subcategories: Family situations as a decisive factor for living on the streets, alongside drug use and marital status; and, Experiences on the street: a scenario of vulnerabilities (individual, social and programmatic); Category 2 – Health of homeless black women, consisting of the subcategories: The use of psychoactive substances and comorbidities: a common daily life on the street; Governmental and non-governmental actions and health care and The resilience of homeless women: Feelings and Spirituality, respectively. Conclusion: The research objectives were answered, the answers show the importance of care based on bonding, active and qualified listening. The importance of street clinics for assisting homeless women can be seen, as well as the need for greater government investment. As a contribution to nursing, the need for further studies, research, extension projects and discussions in academia is highlighted, to offer greater scientific mastery to nurses who serve this clientele.