Condições geradoras de riscos e barreiras de segurança na administração de medicamentos em momentos da pandemia de COVID-19: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Introduction: in health care provided to the population in hospitals, drug administration stands out as a frequent therapeutic activity. In this perspective, this research aims to assess the conditions that generate risk in the stage of medication administration by the nursing team in moments of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective general: to analyze the risk-generating conditions during the medication administration stage by the nursing team at different times of the COVID-19 pandemic, in a university hospital. Method: this is an analytical cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in a university hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using a documented and validated instrument, which was filled out by nursing professionals, responsible for administering medications at the institution. Result: 236 professionals participated in the study, most of them female, 189 (80.08%), aged between 20 and 66 years, 149 (63.14%) nurses and 87 (36.86%) with working professionally for more than 10 years. The most frequent risk-generating conditions, related to the drugs identified in the study, were the administration of drugs by verbal order in cases that are not considered as emergencies (29;12.13%), followed by low adherence to the urgency of the drugs in the routine pre-protected use before hospitalization (21; 8.78%); on the other hand, the conditions that generated risks identified in the medication administration process were the low adherence of professionals to notify incidents related to medication (59; 24.68%), followed by low adherence to return leftover medication to the pharmacy (57; 23.84%). Conclusion: It was evidenced in the study that the institution has processes well achieved in terms of patient safety in medication administration. The results indicate that there was no statistical significance in the analysis of risk-generating conditions between the study periods, with the exception of the item that assesses the need to use aseptic technique before administering the medication (p-value 0.017).