Desempenho físico em jovens atletas de futebol do sexo feminino

Abstract

Football is a sport with complex physical demands, which requires the athlete to have a good level of fitness in different physical aspects such as aerobic capacity, muscular strength, power and agility. The main objective of the present study was to determine neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory performance, and secondary objectives: 1) to verify the correlations between balance and flexibility; 2) analyze the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory variables and their possible correlations in young and adult football athletes played by women. This dissertation was written in the Scandinavian model with 3 chapters, where in the first chapter there is a systematic review that was carried out in accordance with the procedures recommended by PRISMA and in the other 2 chapters, original articles that are correlational field research. The sample was made up of female football athletes, from the Under 15 and Under 17 categories, and adults from a club in the west zone of the state of Rio de Janeiro. body composition, height and the following physical tests were assessed: zig zag agility (COD), yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1), vertical jump, 20m sprint, rast test (RAST), flexibility with fleximeter, star excursion balance test (SEBT), step down, step up and unilateral squats. In chapter 1, the systematic review presents as a result 934 studies found, of which 19 were included. The year of publication of the studies ranged from 2011 to 2021. The sample size in the studies ranged from 11 to 499 players, with a total of 1879 players, aged between 9 and 17 years old with different competitive levels. Nine studies carried out comparisons between categories with better performance for older categories. Neuromuscular tests were used more than cardiorespiratory tests. In chapter 2, the results showed a correlation (r=0.866; p=0.012) in the GFLEX group between performance on the SEBT and flexibility for the right lower limb, and there was a correlation (r=-0.838; p=0.019) between performance in the posterolateral reach in the SEBT and in the back flexibility test and plantar flexion. For GMOV, there was a correlation between the hip misalignment angle and the knee misalignment angle in the step up test (r=-571; p<0.05) and there was a correlation between the left knee misalignment angle in the test unilateral squat with step down (r=0.594; p<0.05). In chapter 3, the results show significant differences between GJ and GA for age, distance in YYIR1, VO2max, CMJ, ABALAKOV and V20m with p> 0.05. Negative correlations were presented between V20m and zig zag (COD) with jump and YYIR1, but positive correlations with zig zag (COD) (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between jump and YYIR1. In conclusion, the study provides valuable tools for training to improve athletic performance, which can assist in the development of more specific training protocols in physical preparation to meet the demands of football, considering both neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory aspects to optimize performance on the field