Primitivo Moacyr (1867-1942): o escritor e o viajante à Rússia pós-Revolução Bolchevique

Abstract

The present study proposes to investigate the trip that Primitivo Moacyr made to post-Revolution and Civil War Russia and how objects, visits to museums and cultural perception in the streets of Russian cities reverberated in his conception of public education and the school network in countries with such extensive territories and large populations with low levels of education, such as Brazil and Russia, in the early years of the 20th century. Likewise, it problematizes the reason why the subject in question, being a man whose public life took place, for the most part, within the Federal Chamber, exercising functions between 1895 and 1933, upon returning from that country, presented divergent positions in relation to the position previously demonstrated, observing, critically and attentively, the ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin and, sometimes, even demonstrating agreement. Thus, the general objective was to analyze Primitivo Moacyr's writings on instruction and education and his observations on this topic, as a traveler to post-Bolshevik Revolution Russia. As specific objectives, in addition to analyzing Primitivo Moacyr's literary production in terms of its technical operation, we sought to build, through the traces he left, an overview of the situation he encountered on the occasion of his visit to Russia; get to know the probable characters of Russian daily life at the time and their relationship with Karl Marx's texts; and analyze the trip and how he positioned himself in the interviews he gave about what he saw in that country. The qualitative methodology used to interpret the research problem refers to the analysis of the results found in the documentation raised and also received from Primitivo Moacyr's relatives, in addition to the use of web vehicles, with the purpose of defining the selection and collection techniques. Therefore, this documentary research was carried out, aiming to better meet the objectives, one of the peculiarities being the standardization of data collection and systematic observation. Despite following the same paths as bibliographical research, more diversified sources were also used, such as books, scientific articles, newspapers, magazines, reports, official documents, letters, photographs, etc. As a theoretical reference, texts by Foucault and Ginzburg were used to deal with the traces and erasures that occurred during Moacyr's career; Karl Marx, Trotsky, Goldman, Vilas Bôas & Caldart and Krupskaia, to understand Soviet pedagogy and part of Primitivo's bibliography; and thus build a broader understanding of this historian of education in Brazil, who is Primitivo Moacyr. And by doing so, it was possible to reach a satisfactory result regarding the change in point of view of this author, whose knowledge and pedagogical appropriation of the trip made to Russia.