Educação Física e a cultura corporal na BNCC e no livro didático “Manual do Professor”: uma análise crítica do discurso

Abstract

The current study aimed to understand and analyze, through Norm na Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (ACD), the discourses on Physical Education and body culture, articulated on the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and in the textbook “Presente Mais Educação Física: Manual do Professor (3º a 5º ano: ensino fundamental: anos iniciais)” written by Suraya Darido and collaborators. Norman Fairclough’s ACD offered us a fundamental theoretical-methodological framework to understand the broad and deep relationship between ideology, hegemony, discourse, ociety documents, and textbooks, as historical products, loaded with the values of the dominant class. The ACD allowed us to highlight, in its pragmatic aspects, the contrary and favorable positions of renowned Physical Education theorists on the BNCC: Elenor Kunz, Valter Bracht, Mauro Betti, Lino Castellani Filho, and Celi Taffarel. Intertextualities and interdiscursivities were also highlighted in both the BNCC of Physical Education and the “Manual do Professor” with the National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) and their neoliberal influences. The organized educational business ociety f defended/defended in the BNCC the “combat ociety prejudices” and the “overcoming of stereotypes and prejudices expressed in bodily practices”, as long as this occurred without a critical discussion, in the text, of class issues. Both in the BNCC of Physical Education and the “Manual do Professor” there are speeches that propose (and impose) to hegemonize the ociety f sportivization and promote the conception of body culture within a utilitarian perspective. In this “manual,” they use photographs of sports, such as golf, softball, polo, water polo, American football, ice hockey, and baseball. In the case of baseball, specifically, photographs of these sports play a discursive role in teaching the teacher the rules and imposing their practice in classes, assuming that it is a sport “not often practiced in Brazil” and “not very common in our culture”. We conclude and defend that both the authors of the BNCC of Physical Education and the textbook “Manual do Professor” appropriate progressive political discourse to manipulate, since critical reflections on reality, ociety, structures of power, and oppression.