Desenvolvimento de um material didático inclusivo e uma sequência didática sobre virologia, com uso de modelagem e impressão 3D, para alunos do Ensino Médio

Abstract

Students with learning difficulties or intellectual disabilities have low concentration and little capacity for mental representations. Concrete representations, such as those used in mathematics, can help in the assimilation of very abstract contents, facilitating the learning of information by these students. The objective of the present study is to create a set of three-dimensional didactic models and a didactic sequence to facilitate the teaching of virology. Because it is a complex topic, made difficult by the microscopic dimensions and the need for abstraction, many students fail to understand the importance of the topic for collective health, awareness of hygiene habits and preventive measures. Students with intellectual difficulties or disabilities will be the starting point for the construction of three-dimensional models and the didactic sequence to teach some important aspects related to this content. Before the creation of the products, a survey of the theme was carried out in 22 textbooks used in the new high school of the publisher Moderna (four collections), with the aim of exploring how this content is being approached. A questionnaire was directed and applied to biology teachers, in order to understand the main difficulties encountered both by teachers in teaching this content, and by students in learning it. From there, a didactic sequence was created for the teaching of virology, in addition to the construction of four different viral models (complex, helical, icosahedral and spherical) to demonstrate the different viral presentations/representations. With this, we aim to contribute to the teacher's practice in the classroom and better teaching strategies for students with learning difficulties or intellectual disabilities in virology content.