“O Jogo das Perebas”: estratégia para o ensino-aprendizagem das patologias virais no Ensino Médio

Abstract

The teaching of virology, due to the microscopic nature of these agents, can be monotonous, discouraging, descriptive and abstract. Viruses can only be observed at the electronic microscopy, what is impossible at school. So, it is necessary to develop new didactic tools to help in teaching this topic. In the present work, we developed a didactic sequence and a board game for this purpose. In addition, we analyzed four official documents that regulate high school education and three textbooks to understand how the thematic “virology” is addressed on them. The analysis of official documents allowed us to conclude that the topics is still very poorly explored at school. Additionally, the analysis of textbooks suggests that the topics was even more reduced in new textbooks, what will make it even more difficult to teach this subject in the classroom. The didactic sequence developed sought to combine music and a didactic game, two classes of playful activities capable of increasing the motivation of learning, making biology subjects clearer and closer to the student's daily life. The didactic game elaborated was called "Jogo das Perebas", a board game in whose cards are curiosities about viral diseases, and information about prevention and care about viral pathologies. The didactic sequence was applied to high school students in a State School, in the city of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro. After the application, the students were invited to answer a questionnaire whose answers showed an improvement in the general knowledge of the students about viral pathologies. In this way, we were able to evaluate that the didactic sequence and the didactic game developed here are efficient tools in the promotion of teaching and learning about viral disease. With this, we conclude that the promotion of differentiated activities in the classroom helps students to have greater participation and engagement during classes, being active agents, and not mere observers, learning in a fun, pleasant way and stimulating interpersonal relationships between them.