Por trás da beleza das flores: análise da sustentabilidade na produção e roteirização turística das flores em Lumiar e São Pedro da Serra/Nova Friburgo-RJ

Abstract

The districts of Lumiar and São Pedro da Serra in the municipality of Nova Friburgo-RJ, have stood out in tourism since the 1970s, favored by the scenic beauty inserted and surrounded by the APA Macaé de Cima. Since 2003, in the village of Vargem Alta, there has been flower production, which has recently been promoting the flower tourist route. The general objective of this research is to address the origin and expansion of the production and tourist itinerary of flowers in the aforementioned districts, analyzing the issue of sustainability. In specific objectives we have the analysis of environmental impacts on water quality in some water samples, on organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter (air) and on flowers in relation to the use of pesticides as well as comparison with other places in Brazil and the world in this regard. sustainability. As a methodology we have documentary, bibliographical research and exploratory research on landscape, sustainability, tourism, water resources and environmental impacts. Environmental sustainability is assessed in relation to the use of pesticides in some areas of rivers, streams, wells, springs, flowers and air quality located in or close to flower production. The SWOT analysis was developed for the production and tourist itinerary of flowers with data collection in Nova Friburgo and Holambra-SP. In Nova Friburgo, interviews were carried out with residents, producers, political managers and those in the tourist network, as well as field work on flower production. In the aforementioned districts, samples of water, flowers and atmospheric particulate matter were also collected and then sent for analysis in laboratories. In Holambra-SP, fieldwork was carried out in flower greenhouses and interviews with public-private managers were carried out. In the results of the water sample analyses, we found few pesticides with limits higher than the quantification limit allowed by ANVISA. In the first water samples (2018), only the compound Methyl Parathion and Tokuthion were detected and quantified, presenting values ​​slightly higher than the Limit of Quantification (LQ), as well as the bacteria Escherichia Coli in some samples. More specific analyzes for pesticides in other water samples were carried out (2021 and 2022) at the Pesticide Residue Analysis laboratory (LARP/UFSM), finding the compound Imidacloprid and 2.4 D with values ​​higher than permitted in addition to Carbendazim and others pesticides whose values ​​were within the limit of quantification. In the flower samples, a concentration of Imidacloprid was found with values ​​3 to 5 times higher than those allowed by ANVISA for pasture areas. In research on the quality of organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter with samples at two flower production points (September 2022) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), at the Technological Development Support Laboratory (Ladetec), some pesticide ions were detected. It is concluded that water and air spread more for the detection of pesticides, which are acquired in greater quantities in the direct analysis of flower samples. The study area has economic sustainability in flower production and tourism, however it is necessary to include other sustainability criteria.