Relação entre a violência familiar na infância e adolescência e o consumo alimentar em adolescentes

Abstract

The objective of the Thesis was to study the relationship between family violence in childhood and adolescence and food consumption in adolescents. To achieve this objective, a systematic literature review was carried out (manuscript 1), in which it was possible to identify, evaluate and synthesize published scientific articles. To carry out the review, first, the review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (2019: CRD42019143053). Searches were carried out in 7 databases, among them, 3 of gray literature, there was no restriction on language or year of publication. The publications were selected, initially, by reading the title and abstract and followed by reading the full text and applying the pre-established eligibility criteria. The article selection process, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two researchers independently. In case of disagreements, a debate was held to reach a consensus and, when necessary, the evaluation of a third reviewer. The results of this review revealed a lack of literature on the topic, resulting in only 7 scientific publications, all recent studies, which suggested that family violence in childhood appears to be associated with a reduction in the consumption of healthy foods and an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods. , but the studies presented heterogeneity in design, population and measurement methods. Subsequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out (manuscript 2), with data from a larger project (ELANA). 965 first-year high school students from public and private schools in the metropolitan region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, participated in the study. These students responded to a multi-thematic food frequency questionnaire. A theoretical model was constructed, based on the literature review, followed by the construction of the 'propositional' model for boys and girls, in which demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, child abuse, mental health and food consumption were present. The model was evaluated based on data from the present study, in which validated instruments were used to measure the variables of interest. The statistics performed were path analysis, using STATA 15.0 and Mplus 8.4 software. We found “final” models with disparities between the sexes, in which the results revealed that girls exposed to psychological violence in adolescence showed an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods in adolescence (estimate: 0.126; CI: 0.000 – 0.252; p-value: 0.050), while girls exposed to physical violence in childhood demonstrated a reduction in the consumption of healthy foods in adolescence (estimate: -0.369; CI: -0.773 – 0.034; p-value: 0.073). In this study, family physical violence was associated with a reduction in the consumption of healthy foods, and family psychological violence was associated with a greater consumption of unhealthy foods, both among girls. In boys, no relationship was demonstrated between violence and consumption. Thus, this Thesis found results that demonstrate that family violence in childhood and adolescence appears to be associated with inadequate food consumption. However, the need to advance studies to expand knowledge of this relationship is highlighted.