Avaliação do processo de dispersão de emissões veiculares através de modelo de dispersão em microrregião no município do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The atmospheric pollution in urban areas is of great environmental and health concern in many urban centers. In Brazil, the concentrations of some pollutants have grown despite the actions taken to minimize emissions. This growth is mainly due to the increasing number of motor vehicles on roads. The vehicular emissions have many substances, which may cause adverse health effects to humans. Some of these pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the latter able to form ozone (O3), one of the major pollutants that occur in high concentrations in large cities. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the CALINE4 model and the expected results for the concentration of CO and NO2 compared to those observed from the monitoring station, through a case in a small region in Bangu neighborhood, located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro and Air Basin III in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. For the simulation, it was necessary to perform a manual vehicle count in the small region and also a detailed evaluation of the composition of the regional vehicular fleet aiming to increase the reliance of vehicular pollutant emission factors for each pollutant. The response of the model indicated a trend to underestimate the concentrations of pollutants at the receptor position when they are compared to the concentrations observed by the air quality monitoring station. The study of sensitivity analysis showed that the low traffic volume per hour was a limiting factor in the responses of the model. The present study has been fortified by the diagnosis of air quality in the small region related to CO, NOX and O3 performed using the monitoring data of Bangu air quality station covering the years 2012 and 2013.