O Sertão vira Calçadão: a transformação do rural em urbano em Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, ao longo do século XX

Abstract

The thesis entitled “O Sertão turned Calçadão: the memories of the transformation of rural to urban in Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro” aims to understand the production of Campograndense commercial space through the analysis of the production of space oriented from the understanding of the actions of different agents, at different times, that culminated in the materialization of different forms through the modification of the morphology of the rural to the urban space. Inspired by Henri Lefebvre's regressive-progressive methodology, the description of the present begins, with the help of Kevin Lynch's methodology, to obtain a description of the image of the current environment. With the use of biography about the neighborhood and, especially, through the analysis of journalistic texts, it intends to analyze the past spatial arrangements and the spatial organization resulting from the activities related to the rural economy becoming fundamental for the understanding of the formation of the rural space, that subjugated to the actions of local and distant forces will be shaped into another, more modern and urban form. Still, we seek to understand the spatial repercussions of the transformation of the rural into the urban by the arrival of objects linked to modernity expressed by the manifestation of the urban embodied in rail transport (train and trams) and commerce in the center of the neighborhood, with the genesis of the formation of the subcenter. . We examine the production of tertiary space and the forces that, at different times and interests, imposed a set of actions for the formation of the new system of objects of the area under our magnifying glass of analysis. At first the focus is on the formation of the street, which is the genesis of the tertiary space of the neighborhood. Subsequently, we seek to understand the creation and consolidation of the “Campo Grande Promenade”, with the reorientation of the function of Rua Coronel Agostinho for commerce, as a consequence of the process of tertiarization of the space. The formation of a commercially densified urban space, with typical urban features and activities, encompassed a complex and multidimensional field of political, land, social and economic struggles. It involved the planned space production agents (state, landowners, owners of the means of production, excluded social groups and real estate agents) who through the state confronted each other to meet their class interests. State-led urban reforms, coupled with the forces of private capital, proved essential for the continuity of (re) production that results in the current tertiary space of the Campo Grande neighborhood.