Biomarcadores de lesões musculares em atletas de elite do futebol brasileiro

Abstract

With the growing demand for better results in sports competitions, professional football athletes are subjected to intense and frequent training, as well as games with high physical demands. To optimize performance and minimize the risk of injury, it is important to monitor athletes' internal load. Monitoring internal load can help identify the ideal time for high-intensity training, minimizing the risk of injury and excessive fatigue. This document refers to research through the application of different methodological actions. The first refers to carrying out a systematic review according to the PRISMA methodology to analyze the biochemical variables associated with monitoring internal load in football. The second action was to investigate the impact of the biochemical markers creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after football matches throughout a season and associate them with muscle injuries in professional football players, highlighting when there is a risk of muscle injury and when muscle injury is present. It is worth noting that the team analyzed is the current champion of the Copa Libertadores and participated in national and international competitions, which increased the relevance of this research, since it is an experimental research where evaluations were carried out before the pre-season, after pre-season, after games with 12h, 24h, 36h. 48h, 60h, 72h, and when the athletes suffered muscle injuries they were separated into a group during treatment. Biomarkers that were analyzed: CK, LDH, AST. The results of the review included 15 articles from a total of 1258 found in the search, which had a publication period between 2008 and 2022, with a total sample of 287 football athletes at regional, national and international levels. Regarding biochemical analyses, 50 different biomarkers were analyzed. The results presented in article 2 were of a significant difference (p<0.05) for CK and LDH after the pre-season period, an increase in the concentrations of CK, LDH and AST 12h after the game, remaining elevated up to 48h for CK and LDH and 36h for AST. In conclusion, the systematic review highlighted the diversity of biomarkers investigated in previous studies, indicating a comprehensive approach in assessing the biochemical response to training and competitions, and in article 2, when specifically analyzing the biomarkers CK, LDH and AST presented in figure 1, 2 and 3, we observed significant variations throughout the season and after games. Therefore, the findings of this study provide a solid basis for developing personalized training and monitoring strategies to optimize sports performance and mitigate the risks associated with injuries in high-level soccer athletes