Prevalência de violência obstétrica durante o parto e aborto na América Latina e Caribe: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

This master's thesis focuses on synthesizing the scientific literature on the prevalence of obstetric violence in childbirth and abortion care in Latin America and the Caribbean. The research was structured as a systematic review, following the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 protocol, and registered in PROSPERO under the CRD code: 42023409728. The study included analyses of observational studies detailing obstetric violence during hospitalizations for childbirth or abortion, with a geographic focus restricted to Latin America. Studies with cross-sectional, cohort or mixed methods approaches were considered, as long as they provided quantitative data on the prevalence of obstetric violence, and included articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The articles were independently and blindly selected by two researchers using the Rayyan program, and the data was extracted using a standardized Excel spreadsheet. The JBI "Checklist for Prevalence Studies" was used to assess the methodological quality of the original studies. The results of the review included 62 publications from 56 different studies, with the majority focusing on women hospitalized for childbirth. There was great variation in the definitions and prevalence of obstetric violence, with rates ranging from 5.7% to 100%. However, the lack of standardized measurement hindered comparability between the studies, preventing meta-analysis. In addition, the review revealed a scarcity of literature on abortion care, indicating the need for more studies in this area. In conclusion, this dissertation highlights the high prevalence of obstetric violence among birthing women and the lack of literature on the subject among women undergoing abortions. The accuracy of the measurement of obstetric violence is a challenge to be faced in order to guarantee a more comprehensive and effective understanding of the issue in the region.