Perfil epidemiológico de mulheres que vivenciaram violências no período pandêmico da Covid-19

Abstract

This research aims to study the profile of women who experienced violence before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Objectives: General: Analyze the epidemiological profile of women and the characteristics of the violence experienced by them outside and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Specific: To comparatively characterize the socioeconomic and demographic profile of women in the State of Rio de Janeiro who experienced violence during and outside the Covid-19 pandemic; Describe comparatively the characteristics of the types of violence experienced by women in the State of Rio de Janeiro outside and during the Covid-19 pandemic; Analyze the main vulnerabilities before and after the Covid-19 pandemic for the occurrence of violence against women in the State of Rio de Janeiro considering their sociodemographic profile. Methodology: This is a documentary, descriptive, retrospective research with a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis of government documents obtained on the virtual platform of the Public Security Institute of Rio de Janeiro – ISP in relation to violence against women, focusing on the period from 2019 to 2022, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Among the data made available by the ISP, we chose to analyze the following variables: a)In relation to the female victim: race/color; age group; education; economic data; b)In relation to the situation of violence itself: type of violence, location of violence and the perpetrator. The sample studied included 280,310 occurrences of violence against women. Results: It was possible to identify that the type of violence suffered and the location of violence differ between groups of people over and under 18 years of age. It was also identified that women with a low level of education experience more violence than women with a higher level of education, just as black and brown women experience more violence than white women. Thus, six categories were listed that present graphs and tables with the results obtained, namely: Distribution of the occurrence of violence over the years; Characterization of aggressions experienced by women over 18 years of age; Characterization of the relationship between victims and aggressors with women over 18 years of age; Characterization of aggressions experienced by children under 18 years of age; Characterization of the relationship between victims and aggressors with women under 18 years of age; and Comparative data analysis. Conclusion: In the state of Rio de Janeiro, the data were diverse, according to age group, location, education and skin color. The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on the population, increasing the vulnerability of women victims of violence. Given the data, there is a need to expand studies and debates about violence against women and its consequences, reaching the basis of the education of boys and girls. It is also important to highlight the urgency of developing new research that will evaluate the profile of the aggressor, the perception of women who experience violence and the quality of assistance provided by health units and government institutions in the security sector in order to face this phenomenon of violence.