Uma análise fenomenológica-hermenêutica dos impactos das políticas públicas de prevenção ao suicídio na experiência de luto dos sobreviventes

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible impacts of the postulations made by current public suicide prevention policies on survivors' experiences of bereavement from a phenomenological-hermeneutic perspective and method. In order to do this, a qualitative study was carried out, divided into three stages. The first stage was a narrative review of suicide prevention guides produced by the federal government over the last five years, which showed how prevention policies have understood this type of death as being preventable and have prescribed control, anticipation and detection of signs and risk factors at an individual level as a suicide prevention strategy. In addition, the manuals call on families, friends, teachers and other people in the social circle to be agents of prevention, making them responsible. In this reconstruction exercise, we also looked at the current conceptions of suicide bereavement, which showed us how bereavement has been pathologized in contemporary times, and this bereavement for this type of death is seen as a process with peculiarities and difficult to measure. The second stage was to look at the experiences of bereavement in semi-structured interviews with five survivors. The interviews showed how their experiences have been marked by the idea that this death can be avoided, based on the belief in prevention and the illusion of control, and when faced with the death of a loved one, they feel they have failed, they feel guilty. In a third stage, based on the analysis of the interviews, we tried to develop a way of understanding the survivors' bereavement in line with their experiences of guilt and longing. Based on the analysis of this study, we realized the importance of thinking about suicide prevention in a different way, one which is not based on control and guardianship of the life of the person considering voluntary death, in other words, a prevention proposal which is committed to the issue of survivors.