Multiplicidade: composições entre as águas, a floresta e o urbano a partir de Santarém-PA

Abstract

This thesis aims to present the city of Santarém as a complex arrangement between water, forest, and urban areas in which many modes of existence coexist, thus bringing more mediations to the discussions about the right to the city. In this work, the complex reality of this Amazonian city intersects with reflections on modes of existence and the right to exist present in the works of philosophers Étiene Souriau, David Laoujade, and Bruno Latour. Therefore, this thesis adopts a compositionist perspective inspired by Latour's work, starting from interviews with the collective subjects of Santarém unfolded in the many networks and heterogeneous elements that compose this city through expanded bibliographic research. Throughout the chapters, the trajectory of collective subjects through the city of Santarém is followed, describing Santarém's present in relation to its ancient history, tracing the process of revision of the Master Plan that occurred in 2017 and its current developments, and presenting the current alliances made around the right to the city beyond the urban realm. Finally, some reflections on the right to the city are made in an attempt to introduce new theoretical and practical issues on the matter. Throughout this composition, it can be inferred that the right to participate in the processes of elaboration and revision of master plans, legally recognized in the new urban constitutional order, is insufficient to explain the practice of the collective subjects of the city of Santarém in the struggle for the right to the city. It is concluded that the right to the city practiced by these subjects is exercised beyond positive law. It is established in the practice of these subjects who, with their gestures, affirm the right to exist of the many modes of existence of this complex reality. Our composition also informs that practices related to the right to the city are not restricted to spaces traditionally labeled as urban. There are many hybrids in Santarém's reality that point to the limits of the operating mode of modernity that divides countryside and city, subjects and objects, nature and culture. By bringing more mediations to the discussion about the right to the city, it is hoped to contribute to making alliances around this right more potent.