Dinâmica espaço-temporal do uso e ocupação do solo na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Guandu/RJ

Abstract

Inappropriate use and disorderly occupation of land can result in various environmental impacts, especially when it comes to water resources. The Guandu River basin, vital for supplying a large part of Rio de Janeiro's urban area, is already suffering the effects of these impacts. The significant and progressive level of environmental degradation in the region directly affects water quality. Motivated by the National Water Resources Policy, this study was conducted with the objective of integrating water resources management with soil management, through a temporal analysis of the dynamics of land use and occupation in the Guandu River Basin. For this, the MapBiomas project (collection 6) and Geoprocessing techniques were used, including the QGIS software and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The study followed an applied quantitative approach, with descriptive objectives, and was based on document analysis, including the classification of satellite images. The result of this work is an atlas that presents maps of land use and occupation from 1985 to 2020, at five-year intervals. Through this mapping, it was possible to observe the growth of urban areas at the expense of pasture areas. Furthermore, the growth of mining activity and the contribution of reforestation projects to the preservation of forest cover were highlighted. The study also promoted discussions about the challenges faced in the management of water resources in light of these results. These discussions have the potential to assist the bodies responsible for the Basin committees in making decisions, contributing to more effective and consistent management.