Estudo de viabilidade econômica do uso de biodigestores em pequenas e médias propriedades nas cidades de Resende, Barra Mansa e Valença no estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

In many rural properties, large amounts of manure scattered through pastures can be observed, causing environmental degradation, with greenhouse gas emissions, river pollution, and soil contamination, not to mention the various types of pests, such as: white fly, fleas and brown caterpillars. The search for technological and scientific processes to control sources of environmental degradation is very important and motivates the study, since the disposal of rural solid waste largely compromises the environment. Biodigesters are an alternative to reducing the damage caused by the accumulation of animal waste in the soil and/or discards in rivers. Motivated by the search for an environmentally correct and economically viable alternative, interviews were conducted in the presence and remotely, to seek to understand why rural producers still do not make use of the technology of biodigesters; this technology allows to turn all waste into an opportunity to generate value. Considering that in this survey identified the difficulties that the rural population in the cities Resende, Barra Mansa e Valença finds in the destination of solid waste, derived from their productive activity, and in the sense of understanding why the rural producers cannot take advantage of the potential existing in organic waste, the interest was born to go deeper in the research, given the existence of a promising source of income. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the economic viability of using biodigesters for small and medium-sized rural properties in the cities of Resende, Barra Mansa and Valença, but first it was necessary to identify the costs pertinent to the implementation of biodigesters, through consultation with manufacturers, and also identify the economic revenues generated with the use of biodigesters and finally calculate and interpret the economic indices for the analysis of financial viability. In the result of the feasibility analysis generated, we had a minimum payback of 2,1 years for a property with 10 animals and a maximum of 4,7 years on the invested capital for a property with 40 animals. Thus it is possible to conclude that, regardless of the size of the property, after solved all the doubts regarding the physical arrangement of the curral, time and physical effort in the removal of the waste, place of installation, investment and operation, the low use of the technology is due to the lack of knowledge of rural producers and also the absence of technically capable companies in the cities Resende, Barra Mansa e Valença Region, and that the vast majority of producers are willing to invest in the technology of biodigesters not only for value generation, but also in the improvement of processes for preservation of the environment.