Polimorfismo no gene GSTP1 em indivÌduos expostos ambientalmente ao cádmio proveniente de resÌduos industriais

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal present in urban and industrial areas and has harmful effects on human health and the environment. In addition to being carcinogenic, it causes damage to the renal, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, among others. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the Glutathione S-Transferase isoform pi 1 (GSTP1) gene, responsible for the conjugation of Cd to glutathione, enabling its excretion via the bile, can affect the excretion of the metal. The objective of the study was to evaluate Cd levels in residents environmentally exposed to waste from a steel mill in the municipality of Volta Redonda in Rio de Janeiro and the influence of the GSTP1 rs1695 SNP on metal levels. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 238 individuals living in a condominium built on environmental waste from steel mill waste in the same region. Cd was determined in blood (Cd-S) and urine (Cd-U) by atomic absorption spectrometry and Cd-U was corrected by creatinine (Cd Uc). Genotyping of the GSTP1 rs1695 SNP was performed by real-time PCR using the TaqMan system. Associations were evaluated using linear correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression, obtaining odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The average exposure time to industrial waste was 14.9±5 years. The average age of the individuals was 50.4±14.8 years, 58% were female, 49% were alcoholics and 30% were smokers. The most frequent comorbidities were: 36% arterial hypertension, 29% respiratory diseases, 23% cardiovascular, 10% renal and 9% neurological. The average Cd concentrations were 0.70±0.2 g L-1 Cd-S, 0.53±0.5 g L -1 Cd-U and 0.57±0.6 g g-1 creatinine to Cd-Uc. In 67.2% of individuals, Cd levels exceeded the reference limits. The frequency of the GSTP1 313 G variant allele was 38.8%. No associations were observed between Cd concentrations and the GSTP1 SNP. However, a positive correlation was observed between age and Cd-S and Cd-Uc (p<0.05). Smoking was associated with Cd-S 0.70g L-1 (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.6–5.9). The high levels of Cd in the exposed population point to the urgency of implementing measures to reduce the effects of this exposure and mitigate the potential harm of Cd to health