Caracterização de estações de tratamento de esgotos particulares adjacentes ao Complexo Lagunar de Jacarepaguá e a percepção desta população sobre as condições de saneamento

Abstract

Treatment, collection, and disposal of domestic sewage are recurring problems in the city of Rio de Janeiro, problems that are not only related to the social condition or level of education of the local population. The Jacarepaguá Lagoon Complex is negatively affected by recurring sewage releases, it is located in the Administrative Region of Barra da Tijuca, which comprises eight neighborhoods with a heterogeneous socioeconomic profile. In this context, the present study evaluated the efficiency of sewage treatment from condominium systems (private ETE), contributing to the Jacarepaguá Lagunar Complex basin, regarding the removal of organic load in terms of BOD5 and nutrients, Total Nitrogen (Ntot) and Total Phosphorus (Ptot), consolidating them and comparing them with current legal limits. As well as the socioeconomic profile of the population of the Administrative Region of Barra da Tijuca and their understanding of the sanitary conditions of their neighborhoods and the disposal of medicines, through an online form, accounting 211 participants. In this way, the achievement of average efficiencies between 77% and 85% was verified to BOD5 removal, within the expected levels of efficiency for secondary treatments (60% and 99%), even though the average monthly treated loads were recorded for BOD at 1,777.91 kg, as well as for Total Nitrogen at 706.92 kg and Total Phosphorus at 137.31 kg. Furthermore, within the scope of the questionnaire carried out, 20.8% stated that they lived where there is some type of private sewage treatment system, whether anaerobic or aerobic and 47.3% were unaware of whether or not maintenance was carried out on the systems in their homes. However, 55.5% discard their unused medicines in the general trash, although 7.1% dispose of them in sinks or toilets. Based on the above, the work developed reveals the necessity for attention to the proper functioning of private systems, given the considerable contribution of their effluents to the fragile lagoon complex, including pointing out the importance of control in relation to the adequate and safe disposal of medicines, as well as, the need for further monitoring studies regarding the presence of pharmaceutical compounds that enter water bodies and their chronic effects on this ecosystem.