A história recente do sistema digital público do Estado brasileiro e as dificuldades de acesso aos direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários para os pescadores artesanais da Baía de Sepetiba (RJ)

Abstract

Artisanal fishermen and women find it difficult to access rights and public policies, in a scenario of constant modernization of the public system. Although artisanal fishing has been recognized as a job by the State since the beginning of the 20th century. In this sense, the research seeks to analyze and demonstrate technological changes in the computerization of public policies in the field of Social Security Law for the special insured (artisan fisherman), in the period 2000-2023. In addition to presenting the limits and process of computerization of the State, in order to understand its mutations in the field of power and management relations. In this context, the spatial focus is the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), with an emphasis on the fishing communities of Sepetiba Bay. The concepts of present-day history, oral history, territory, power, State, public policies were used. These concepts contributed to the understanding of the issue of institutional modernization of the State with regard to public social security policies aimed at the special insured. In the research methodology, surveys of legislation and news were used, as well as interviews with public servants, artisanal fishermen and leaders (fishing associations and colonies). In addition to fieldwork, workshops and the development of teaching materials were carried out as part of the research and extension activities carried out within the scope of this dissertation, such as the training of artisanal fishermen and women, as special policyholders, aiming to understand how workers act directly in the system and in the State's service channels, and what are the limits and possibilities of accessing your rights when using the digital system. As a result, it was possible to verify that the technical system that organizes public policies for artisanal fishing has limited access to social rights. This situation is related to the unequal distribution of the technique in society, and the configuration of peripheral areas and the restricted and selective access of techniques in these spaces.