Do “Trem de doido” à “Estação Vida”: a atenção em saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes em Barbacena/MG

Abstract

The Mental health care for children and teenagers is a recent field within the scope of rights and public policies, with the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform as its landmark. This historical construction is marked by the actions of the State to control spaces and bodies, wich takes as its main strategy the institutionalization and the isolation as a social sanitation mechanism. The actions on the field of infancy and youth, aimed mainly to poor and black “minors”, are added to terapeutic isolation practices in the field of health and psychiatry, along with the filanthropy and specialized services aimed to the abnormals. This institutionalization model aimed to children and teenagers with mental health demands, unlike the one used with adults, happened through various institutions in several sectors: reformatories, shelters, educational establishments and hospitals. The 1980 decade brought democratic advances in the field of the State, rights and public policies, counting with an important strenght from the social movements of Brazil. The Psychiatric Reform and the advances on the field of children and teenagers rights brings new directions to the Mental health care of those subjects, inaugurating a children and youth mental health policy. This research leans over the understanding of how the constitution of the mental health care of children and teenagers happened on the city of Barbacena/MG, considered the “Town of crazy people” due to the psychiatric assistence history of the city and in the state of Minas Gerais. As a milestone, it has the Psychiatric Reform in Barbacena and the implementation of the “Estação Vida” Psychosocial Children and Youth Care Center (Capsi Estação Vida). The objective is to build a historical overview of the actions aimed to children and teenagers on the sheltering period and the emergence of the psychosocial care as a model in mental health care in Barbacena, having as its landmark the emergence of the “Estação Vida” Capsi in 2019. The investigation process to this doctorate thesis was ruled by qualitative research, taking as its field the researcher experience and her implication as a worker of the Capsi from SUS of Barbacena/MG. The investment was made on the theoretical and bibliographical review, on the documental data survey and on its analisis, as well as semistructured interviews and field observations.