Entre trabalho, processo saúde-doença e reabilitação profissional: (im)possibilidades de reinserção no mercado formal de trabalho

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the work trajectory of workers linked to the formal job market, after their rehabilitation at the Social Security Professional Rehabilitation Service. This research was developed as an extensive study, based on theoretical-bibliographic, documental and secondary data review. In which concern the approach related to work and the health-disease process, this study is based on the work value in the meaning of Marxist tradition and also how the relationship amid employer and employee in capitalist society and its consequences for worker’shealth – identified as sale of labor force – takes place. In other words, it seeks to comprehend the appropriation of the dynamics between work and the health-disease process of workers, demarcated by processes of illness and/or accidents and the consequent insertion in a social security professional rehabilitation program. Moreover, in the theoretical-bibliographic review and documental research, the constitution and development of Professional Rehabilitation is problematized and integrated together with the Social Security Policy since its creation until 2019. Considering the Professional Rehabilitation Service as one of the responses from the capitalist State to the demands of workers' health, it aims also analyze how the Professional Rehabilitation was configured in Brazil. Following the Social Security Policy, the research was either complemented with the analysis of secondary data from workers who had their rehabilitation processes concluded with the Social Security Agency, in Realengo, Rio de Janeiro. This analysis is focused on the data of workers extracted from the National Registry Information System (CNIS) and the Disability Benefits Administration System (SABI), both from the National Institute of Social Security (INSS), considered rehabilitated by the INSS, in 2018 and the verification of their reinsertion or not into the formal job market throughout the following year, 2019. The objective was to understand and problematize the (im)possibilities of them to return to the formal job market after the professional rehabilitation conclusion. Not with standing it does not express a linear movement, it was possible to contextualize since the 1990's decade, a scenario of restriction of assistance to workers linked to various changes occurred in the social security policy and in the Brazilian State, expressed by management strategies of the world of work and of the State's counter-reform, with direct repercussions for workers assisted by Professional Rehabilitation as well for the Social Security Policyitself. With approximations and distances from a critical perspective of workers' health care and based on the obtained data, it is possible to conclude that there is a low effectiveness relationship between the service provided and there turn to work, especially in the employment relationships prior to the professional rehabilitation process and there insertion into new formal employment for workers considered to have been rehabilitated by the INSS, demonstrating clearly the limits of social policy in the capitalist State.