Distribuição espacial e temporal da cobertura vacinal contra Covid-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

In a globalized world with extensive connections between countries, it is expected that an infectious disease such as COVID-19 has the potential to spread rapidly. Considering the vast geographical area to be covered with vaccination, the population size, the vaccination scheme, vaccine hesitancy, socioeconomic variations, and the healthcare structure, it can be assumed that there are municipalities with insufficient vaccination performance. Given the above, the problem to be explored is to understand how vaccination coverage has progressed in the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro considering the demographic, social, and healthcare characteristics of each area and the setbacks in the distribution of vaccines. The hypothesis of this study is that the probable lack of equity in covid-19 vaccination coverage reflects socioeconomic differences and the presence of inequalities in the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro.The objective is to evaluate the temporal and spatial evolution of covid-19 vaccination coverage in the municipalities and health regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2021. Vaccination coverage indicators for the first and second doses of the vaccine were calculated, 22 thematic maps with smoothed rates were produced, and 22 thematic maps with local autocorrelation of vaccination coverage using the LISA function were created. When analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of the first and second doses of the vaccine, it was observed that vaccination coverage did not occur homogeneously between health regions and municipalities. The maps show a pattern of clusters of high vaccination coverage in São Francisco de Itabapoana, Cantagalo, and Trajano de Moraes for the first dose in the adult population, with clusters of low vaccination coverage in Belford Roxo, Duque de Caxias, Mesquita, Nova Iguaçu, São João de Meriti, and Seropédica; for the first dose in the elderly population with clusters of high vaccination coverage in Cardoso Moreira, Bom Jardim, Santa Maria Madalena, and São Fidélis, and low coverage in the municipalities of Angra dos Reis, Cambuci, Itaocara, Macaé, São João da Barra, Duque de Caxias, Nilópolis, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Claro, and São João de Meriti; for the second dose in the adult population with clusters of high vaccination coverage in Macuco, Paraíba do Sul, Paty do Alferes, Vassouras, Armação de Búzios, Casimiro de Abreu, and São Pedro da Aldeia, and low coverage in Japeri, Macaé, Mesquita, and Paracambi; for the second dose in the elderly population with clusters of high vaccination coverage in Angra de Reis, Campos dos Goytacazes, Cardoso Moreira, São Fidélis, São Francisco de Itabapoana, and São João da Barra. Spatial analysis studies track clusters of low and high vaccination coverage, allowing us to measure the progress of vaccination and identify the most vulnerable locations.