Análise espacial da zona de amortecimento do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca- Rio de Janeiro (RJ), baseada no uso de geoindicadores

Abstract

The growing urban pressure on forest remnants in urban areas around the world, especially in large cities, makes it urgent to debate the use and occupation of land around protected areas (PAs), an area also known as the buffer zone (BZ). An example of this is the Pedra Branca State Park (PEPB), located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where homes are encroaching on the buffer zone in the direction of the park. Among the main problems in the ZA of the PEPB are real estate speculation, disorderly and irregular occupation, and a lack of coordination between the federal, state and municipal spheres, as well as between the legislative and executive branches. This study highlights the role of the geoindicator as a method of spatial analysis in delimiting the buffer zone of a protected area in an urban environment. Using geoprocessing tools, in particular the Land Change Modeler (LCM) module of the Idrisi SELVA software and the ArcGIS Raster Calculator. The work aims to analyze the spatial dynamics of the PEPB SPA, considering land use and occupation and the susceptibility to mass movement and flooding of this territory, in order to contribute to decision-making. It also identified the Quilombos as communities that contribute to forest conservation. Through spatial analysis of the territory of the PEPB's current ZA, the study proposes which areas could be incorporated into it, with a view to expanding its area in the PEPB's new Management Plan. In this way, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of the geoindicator method as an analytical tool, helping with spatial dynamics and recognizing the complexities that exist in the PEPB's surroundings that could compromise its conservation and how legislation, especially the Master Plan in its PLC 44/2021 version, does not contribute to creating barriers that prevent the advance of urbanization into the forest.