O uso da vibração associada à baixa temperatura no gerenciamento da dor durante punção venosa em crianças com cardiopatia congênita hospitalizadas

Abstract

Introduction: Pain is a frequent symptom in the lives of children and adolescents with congenital heart diseases, and its presence is mainly associated with the need for this clientele to undergo recurrent needle procedures during hospitalization for appropriate treatment. However, the symptom is capable of generating serious physical, emotional, and behavioral repercussions, requiring management strategies to mitigate such consequences during venous puncture. Objectives: To describe how children with congenital heart disease evaluate the use of Buzzy® in venous puncture; Identify the impact of Buzzy® use on pain in children with congenital heart disease during venous puncture. The theoretical framework used to underpin the study was the symptom management theory. Method: Qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study. Fifteen children and adolescents with congenital heart diseases, aged six to 17, who underwent venous puncture, participated in the study. Data collection took place between September 2023 and March 2024, through semi-structured audio-recorded interviews after using Buzzy® at the time of venous puncture, in a public hospital located in Rio de Janeiro. After theoretical saturation, data analysis was performed according to the deductive content analysis steps of Elo & Kyngas. Results: Five categories emerged that evidenced the experience of children and adolescents with congenital heart diseases symptoms using Buzzy®: Perceiving pain reduction; Experiencing physical sensations of relaxation and anesthesia; Distracting themselves with Buzzy®; Reduced anxiety; and Ecoutering challenges in using Buzzy®. The categories indicate that the majority of children and adolescents experienced pain reduction, anesthesia, relaxation, distraction, and reduced anxiety with the use of the vibration and low-temperature device. Consequently, they reported feeling mild or nonexistent pain during venous puncture. As a result, it was identified that the use of Buzzy® during venous puncture can be an effective pain management strategy during the procedure. Conclusion: In addition to pain reduction with the use of Buzzy® perceived by children and adolescents with congenital heart diseases, the device demonstrated benefits in physical and emotional aspects, providing sensations of relaxation, analgesia, and reduced anxiety. This is the first qualitative study on the subject, with the potential to contribute to innovation in care practice, teaching, and research by raising awareness among professionals about the importance of minimizing pain in pediatric patients undergoing multiple procedures and encouraging further research on Buzzy®.