Sarcopenia e má qualidade muscular associada à obesidade grave em adultos

Abstract

Sarcopenia is recognized as a muscle disease that is associated with a decline in strength, mobility and quality of life, can be accelerated by the onset of chronic diseases, such as obesity. The simultaneous presence of sarcopenia and obesity, especially sarcopenic obesity (OS). Previous studies show that the greater the degree of obesity, the greater muscle mass and absolute muscle strength when compared to non-obese people. However, when adjusted for body size, obese individuals have reduced muscle performance in relation to normal weight. There is still no dignified consensus for OS, in addition, there are few studies that associate sarcopenia in adults with severe obesity. The aim of the study is to investigate sarcopenia end its relationship with body composition in adults with severe obesity.Volunteers of both sexes were selected, aged between 20 and 59 years, and a who had a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35kg / m² with presence of comorbidities or BMI > 40kg / m². The parameters used to assess sarcopenia were: muscle strength - handgrip strength (HGS) and the stand and sit test; amount of muscle mass - appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), weight-adjusted ASM (ASM / weight) and BMI adjusted by BMI (ASM / BMI); muscle quality -HGS adjusted by ASM (HGS / ASM); physical performance - walking speed. Age was dichotomized to allow a comparison between young (20 and 39 years old) and middle-aged (40 and 59 years old) adults. 108 volunteers were made available, with a mean age of 43,1 ± 11,7 years. 2% presented of dinapenia and 33% low strength of leg muscles. Low or poor muscle quality was found in 46,6% of those obtained. The prevalence of low muscle mass diagnosed using cutoff points for ASM / weight and ASM / BMI, varied between 16,7% and 30,6%, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed using low strength associated with the ASM / BMI and/or ASM / weight and HGS /ASM criteria varied between 12% and 13,9%, respectively, corresponding to the confirmatory criteria of low muscle quantity and low muscle quality, respectively, particularly affecting women of middle-age. The percentage of fat mass was negatively correlated with HGS in participants age of 40-59 (p < 0,0386). We observed changes in all parameters on strength, mass and muscle function. Our results reinforce the importance of early investigation of sarcopenia, as OS in this age group can increase the risk of comorbidities and contribute to the early onset of physical disability