A institucionalização do poder de polícia em Atenas com atuação dos astínomos e dos toxótes: 431 a.C. a 404 a.C.

Abstract

The power to police within the territorial scope of the Athenian polis is a subject that has been little explored. This theme highlights the incipient legitimacy of police power, with its duties to comply with regulations, and leads us to understand the need for the conception of a group with responsibility for collective security within that community. The etymological definition of the modern word "police" has its origins in the Greek term politeia. The ancient world did not know the concept of the police as we know it today; its nomenclature, seen as a social identity, is something constructed in later periods. By studying judicial theories and institutions in Athens, we can describe a picture of the reproduction of the field of social control in antiquity, in which these characters, listed in our study, reverberate in different strategies and comparative references to current public security models. Models that are explicit, whether in codes and legislation, about the practices of managing fields of dispute and conflict in the social sphere. The dissemination of this alternative perspective has made it possible to formulate problems that have led us to understand police power detached from common sense, and which will not only foster an understanding of neglected issues, but will also produce new studies on this power and its application today.