Efeitos do óleo de capivara livre ou em nanoemulsão na histopatologia do córtex renal de camundongos C57Bl/6 alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica

Abstract

Obesity is an inflammatory disease and is associated with secondary diseases such as kidney disease, which occurs due to the accumulation of lipids in the kidney, which can cause lipotoxicity, inflammation and loss of organ function. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) act in the production of lipid mediators and have anti-inflammatory characteristics. PUFAs may provide health benefits, but they are easily oxidized in contact with oxygen, compromising the supplementation required by the individual. One way to avoid this oxidation and increase the bioavailability of PUFAs is pharmaceutical nanotechnology, which also makes it possible to reduce the dose of the drug. To evaluate the histopathology of the renal cortex of obese mice, three-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice were fed with control or high-fat diets (60% lipids) for 18 weeks. In the last 4 weeks, the animals received daily placebo, capybara oil (OC) free (at doses of 100 and 5000 mg/kg) or in nanoemulsion (100 mg/kg). Parameters such as body mass, lipid profile, systolic blood pressure, renal function, structure and ultrastructure of the renal cortex, fibrosis, tissue inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed. Treatments with free OC (5000 mg/kg) and in nanoemulsion in obese mice showed improvement in lipid profile and reduction in systolic blood pressure levels, in addition to a beneficial remodeling of the renal cortex with preservation of the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule, glomeruli and proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Our data demonstrated that both treatments decreased inflammation, oxidative stress and renal fibrosis, as evidenced by quantifying the expression of TNF-α, IL-10, CAT, SOD, α-SMA and TGF-β. However, only OC nanoemulsion treatment was able to improve renal function and decrease body mass, blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations. Therefore, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that OC nanoemulsion treatment has beneficial effects on systemic and local changes in obese mice, being considered a promising treatment for obesity-associated kidney disease