Efeitos biológicos do tratamento oral com extrato de Chenopodium ambrosioides (mastruz) associado com exercício de vibração de corpo inteiro em modelo animal de diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by affecting the production and/or action of insulin in the body, causing hyperglycemia. From various established categories of DM, a subtype of the disease whose scientific interest has been gradually growing over the years is type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). T1DM causes functional, physiological and behavioral impairments. Various strategies, including non-pharmacological, such as exercises, have been proposed for the management of DM. Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise, an intervention in which subjects are exposed to mechanical vibration (VM) through a vibrating platform, has been suggested for the management of chronic diseases such as DM. In addition, the evaluation of the association of WBV with natural substances with antidiabetic properties, such as Chenopodium ambrosioides (mastruz), a plant species used in folk medicine, is suggested. The aim of the current study was to evaluate biological responses resulting from the individual and combined effect of WBV and oral treatment with mastruz extract in diabetic rats, according to functional, physiological and behavioral parameters. Diabetes was induced by alloxan (150mg/kg). Male Wistar rats (n=85) were used, randomly divided into five groups: healthy control (CON), diabetic control (DC), diabetic treated with MV (D-VBR), diabetic treated with mastruz at 15 mg/mL ( D-CHE) and diabetics submitted to combined treatment (CHE+VBR) for 5 weeks. Food intake, locomotor and exploratory activity, body composition (body mass and body mass index (BMI)), stool consistency, biochemical and neurochemical determination and biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sodium pertechnetate and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated. The results demonstrated in diabetic rats (DC) an increase (p<0.0001) in food consumption, reduction (p<0.01) in body mass and BMI, increase (p<0.0001) in serum glucose concentration and percentage (%) of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the blood, increase (p<0.01) of lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol), lipoprotein (HDL), minerals (calcium and magnesium), nitrogenous compounds (creatinine and urea) and (p<0.01) serum enzymes (ALP, ALT and lipase), increase (p<0.05) serotonin, choline and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in hippocampus, also an increase (p<0.01) in the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-sodium pertechnetate was observed in the intestine and pancreas. No differences were observed in stool consistency, locomotor and exploratory activity in the DC group. In induced diabetes, the individual treatment with mastruz regulated feed intake, body mass loss and BMI, %HbA1c, serum triglyceride levels, and %radioactivity in the pancreas and intestine, on the other hand, increased exploratory behavior. While WBV intervention regulated body mass loss and BMI, concentration of DOPAC in the hippocampus improved locomotor and exploratory activity, in addition to anxiety-like behavior. In turn, the combined treatment regulated the loss of body mass and BMI, in addition to HDL levels in the blood. In conclusion, the biological responses of the individual treatment with mastruz or EVCI suggest therapeutic potential in the management of induced DM, being able to regulate adverse effects caused by the chronic action of alloxan in Wistar rats. However, the combined treatment proved to be insensitive in the management of induced DM.