Avaliação da função sexual e qualidade de vida de pessoas estomizadas

Abstract

People with a stoma experience physiological and bodily changes when they have elimination ostomies for draining feces or urine, this condition can affect function and sexual quality of life. The objective of the study was to evaluate sexual function and its association with quality of life and sociodemographic and clinical data of people with a stoma. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out in an outpatient clinic specialized in caring for patients with a stoma. The collection period was from 2019 to 2021, 173 people of both sexes with elimination stomas, over 18 years old, were included. A form for sociodemographic and clinical characterization was used, in addition to validated instruments to assess: sexual function (Sexual quotient: male version - QSM and female version - QSF) and quality of life (City of Hope - Quality of Life - COH-QOL) . Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro Wilk test, when comparing means, Student's T-Test was used for independent samples or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni. In the analysis, for each COH-QOL domain, an average was calculated and categorized into severe, moderate and mild impact. It was evidenced from the results, statistical significance (p<0.001) of the sexual function. Men showed better sexual performance (45.28%), women the worst performances (35.83%). Spiritual well-being (7.79±1.5) was the best domain. The sociodemographic variables associated with sexual function and quality of life showed a better sex ratio (p= 0.001 T) among men. The results that were significantly associated with people's QoL were number of children (0.046 A), social security (p=0.028 A) and number of rooms in the homes (p=0.039). There was a statistical difference in the Sex Quotient (p= 0.001 T ) related to the causes for making ostomy and diabetes mellitus, (0.042 T), arterial hypertension (<0.001 ) and other comorbidities (<0.001 T). No association was found between sexual function and quality of life in both sexes. We can observe a better pattern of sexual performance among men. Spiritual well-being was an important factor in the moderately impacted quality of life of ostomy patients. It is hoped that the research will enable reflections by health professionals and enable early and continuous interventions, based on evidence that identifies the problems and solutions to be implemented.