Cuidado espiritual e suas representações para pessoas em processo de hospitalização

Abstract

Spirituality is growing in the context of health care, being a support in the face of human suffering. Thus, the importance of spiritual care has been discussed, especially during hospitalization and in dealing with chronic patients. The present study has as its object the spiritual care and its representations for hospitalized people and its general objective is to analyze the Social Representations of spiritual care for patients hospitalized in different units of a Universitary hospital. This is a qualitative study based on the procedural and structural approaches of the Theory of Social Representations. Data were collected in the clinical and surgical units of a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. To obtain the data, 60 patients were approached, using a questionnaire for the sociodemographic characterization of the subjects, with the application of the DUKE Religiosity Scale (DUREL), collection of free evocations. A total of 21 participants were also approached, with whom semi-structured interview regarding the representational object “spiritual care”. To process the data, a database was built with the help of Microsoft® Office Excel for Windows. The contents arising from the free evocations were analyzed with the support of the EVOC software, with the generation of the Quadro de Quatro Casas and subsequently the maximum similarity tree, with the support of IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). The interviews were also analyzed through lexical analysis, with the support of IRAMUTEQ. From the analysis, the term “prayer” was observed in the first quadrant of the Four Houses Chart, being mentioned more frequently and being more readily evoked. This intensifies when analyzing the maximum tree, with “prayer” making a greater number of connections. Regarding the analysis of the interviews, two axes were generated, the first being entitled: “The human relationship with the divine: care and support in the face of illness”, composed of classes 2: “Perspectives of protection and care: connection with the transcendent facing human challenges” and class 4: “Support in the divine and spiritual care as coping with the moment of hospitalization” and axis 2: “Spiritual care and the influence of the religious community: concepts and externalization of religious beliefs”, with classes 1 : “Religion, spirituality and spiritual care: concepts and the relationship with oneself, with others and religious and hospital institutions” and class 3: “Expressions of religiosity at the time of hospitalization: religious community as spiritual support and the religious institution as a place of help , worship and learning.” Conclusion: The study embraced its objectives and fostered the discussion about spiritual care, as well as stimulated their entry into the educational process, especially of nursing professionals.