Fatores psicossociais relacionados ao trabalho de profissionais de enfermagem nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational exposure of nursing professionals and the health protection of those who work in Intensive Care Units must be studied in greater depth and with knowledge of the theoretical and technical-scientific biases regarding the identification of the main psychosocial risks involved in this practice. It is considered that the risks may be variable, with potentially modifiable characteristics due to the emergence of more or less transmissible and lethal outbreaks and endemics, which add to the serious chronic and acute illnesses already treated in these units. Thus, this study had the objective of investigating the psychosocial factors related to the work of nursing workers working in Intensive Care Units Method: cross-sectional study, with a descriptive nature and a quantitative approach, carried out with nursing workers working in Adult General, Coronary, ICUs, Pediatric and Neonatal Unit at a Public Hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro, between June and September 2023. Data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using the Kolgomorov-Smirnov, Chi-Square or Pearson Correlation Test for verification of the association between categorical variables and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient, adopting a significance level of 95%. Results: among the participants, there was a predominance of women (69.2%), under 60 years old (96.9%), nursing technicians (56.9%), and with a high level of education (46.2%). Furthermore, 81.5% recognize that there are one or more factors that generate psychosocial exhaustion in the units, and 57.7% highlight the overload of activities as the biggest factor that generates exhaustion. The majority of interviewees do not recognize support or programs aimed at psychosocial support at work. Inferential analyzes denote a positive and statistically significant correlation between age and quantitative demands, meaning at work, social support, common sense, quality and management, job satisfaction, symptoms of depression, vitality, cognitive stress and behavioral stress. Conclusion: It was observed that psychosocial factors reflect the difficulties faced by the nursing team in intensive care units. Being a woman, an adult and a nursing technician, increases the exposure rate, which may be related to the precariousness of work, observed by the type of employment, where the overload of activities has the highest average factor in generating exhaustion, the lack of stability and labor rights, there is also a lack of support mechanisms perceived by the working population, so that there is practice and regularity of protection against psychosocial exhaustion and consequent suffering at work.