Mercado de trabalho para profissionais de saúde mental: um estudo de caso na rede de saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The analysis of the job market for mental health professionals is extremely important, considering the relevance of this sector for the well-being and quality of life of the population. Given the transformations in the mental health care model, driven by the Psychiatric Reform Law, and the increasing demands for mental health services in the city, understanding the challenges and trends of this market becomes essential for strengthening the mental health system and promoting the social inclusion of people with mental disorders. The research addressed the transition from the Asylum and Manicomial model to the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS), driven by the Psychiatric Reform Law. This paradigm shift represented a break from the traditional model of treatment centered on psychiatric hospitals, aiming to promote social inclusion and the integrality of care for people with mental disorders. Reviewing this transformation process allowed for a broader understanding of the context in which mental health professionals are inserted and the necessary changes to strengthen the mental health system in Brazil. In a second stage, the job market for mental health professionals was investigated, based on data from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS) and the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), as well as documents from professional councils. The analysis of these data allowed for a deeper understanding of the scenario and trends of the job market for the five professions studied: Psychiatry, Nursing, Social Work, Psychology, and Occupational Therapy. This analysis revealed patterns of supply and demand for professionals in different regions of the country, as well as issues related to geographical distribution, remuneration, and working conditions. Lastly, a focus was made on exploring the job market for mental health professionals in a health region of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (Area Planning Coordination 5.1 - CAP 5.1), analyzing the challenges faced by different professional and occupational groups in this sector. Through interviews and questionnaires, the difficulty of retention and retention of workers in the mental health area was investigated, identifying factors such as the distance from the city's central regions, the context of violence, and low remuneration as the main obstacles. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the job market in mental health and highlight the importance of policies and strategies for improving working conditions and valuing these professionals.