Transparência como ferramenta na aprendizagem de jornalismo de dados: os casos The Pudding e Gênero e Número

Abstract

Data journalism, popularized in Brazil with the Access to Information Law (LAI, in Portuguese), enacted in 2011, still faces difficulties in its implementation in the curricular guidelines for undergraduate journalism courses. From the lack of training of teachers, to the resistance of students in approaching computational techniques and statistical and mathematical concepts, data journalism is often seen from a technophilic or technophobic perspective, which distances working with data from journalistic practices seen as traditional. As a consequence, professionals and students who want to get closer to the area need to resort to self-education or extracurricular courses. With this context in mind, this dissertation starts from the idea that data journalism is, in fact, part of the current routine of journalists, due to the daily use of data in investigation, and that, due to the cognitive and productive changes following the popularization of personal computers, it is possible to use transparency tools to learn data journalism. Transparency, a broad term that is often used to talk about the sharing of public data, serves as input for journalism, but also works as a way to maintain democratic processes and increase the credibility of newspapers, revealing to the audience the processes of newsmaking, funding sources and organizational structures. Most practiced by journalists who work with data, transparency is separated in this research into three categories: institutional, editorial-methodological and technological transparency. With the aim of systematizing the learning of data journalism based on transparency, the dissertation analyzes The Pudding and Gênero e Número, two digital newspapers that produce reports with data, in accordance with the Transparency Protocol in Data-Driven Journalism (Gehrke, 2021) and the parameters that correspond to the category of editorial-methodological transparency are highlighted, which deal with the production of reports. Then, an article from each newspaper is selected and, from there, the phases of working with data are highlighted.